✎้ๆ
๋๊ต(้ๆ, ์์ด: Taoism, Daoism)๋ ๊ณ ๋ ์ค๊ตญ์์ ๋ฐ์ํ ์ค๊ตญ์ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ์ข
๊ต๋ก, ์ ์ ์ฌ์์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ ์์ · ์คํ · ๋ณต์ · ๋ฌด์ถ · ์ฐธ์ ๋ฑ์ ๋ํ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์ ๋๊ฐ(้ๅฎถ)์ ์ฒ ํ์ ๋์
ํ๊ณ , ๋ค์ ๋ถ๊ต์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ฑ๋ฆฝ๋ ๋ ๊ณํต์ ์ข
๊ต์ด๋ค. ๋๊ต๋ ํ๋์ธ ๋(้)์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ชจ์ต์ธ ์ฅ์ฒญ(็ๆธ
: ์์์ฒ์กด) · ์์ฒญ(ไธๆธ
: ์๋ณด์ฒ์กด) · ํ์ฒญ(ๅคชๆธ
: ๋๋์ฒ์กด)์ ์ผ์ฒญ(ไธๆธ
)์ ์ต๊ณ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ๋ค์ ๊ต์ด๋ค.[1] ๊ฒฝ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋๊ต ์ฑ์ ์ ์ง์ฑ์ธ 《๋์ฅ(้่)》์ด ์๋ค. ๋๊ต์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋๊ต์ธ ๋๋ ๋๊ต๋๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐํ๋ฑ์ (็พฝๅ็ปไป)์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ๋ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ ๋ป์์ ์ฐ๋ฅ(็พฝๆต)๋ผ๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. ๋์ฌ(้ๅฃซ)๋ ๋๊ต์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ข
๊ต๊ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฌ์ฑ ๋์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๊ด(ๅฅณๅ )์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค.
้ๆ(ใฉใใใใ、ๆผ้ณ: Dร ojiร o)ใจใฏ、ไธญๅฝไธๅคงๅฎๆ(ไธๆ、ๅๆ・ไปๆ・้ๆใฎไธใค)ใฎไธใค。ใปใใซ「้ๅฎถใฎๆ・้้・้ๅฎ・่ๅญใฎๆ・่ๅญใฎๅญฆ・่ๆ・็้」ใชใฉใจใๅผใฐใใ。
้ๆใฏ、่ๅญใฎๆๆณใๆ นๆฌใจใ、ใใฎไธใซไธ่้ท็ใๆฑใใ็ฅไป่กใ、็ฌฆ็ฑ(ไธญๅฝ่ช็)(ใใตใ ใ็จใใๅช่ก)・ๆ้ฎ(ไบก้ญใฎๆๆธใจ็ฝๅใฎ้คๅป)、ไปๆใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใฆไฝใใใ็ตๅ
ธ・ๅ็คผใชใฉ、ๆไปฃใฎ็ต้ใจใจใใซๆงใ
ใช่ฆ็ด ใ็ฉใฟ้ใชใฃใๅฎๆใจใใใ。ๅ
ธๅ็ใชๅค็ฅๆใงใใ、ไผ่ชฌ็ใซใฏ、้ปๅธใ้็ฅใง、่ๅญใใใฎๆ็พฉใ่ฟฐใน、ๅพๆผขใฎๅผต้ตใๆ็ฅใจใชใฃใฆๆๅฃใๅต่จญใใใใจ่ชใใใใใจใๅคใ。ใปใใซใ、『ๅขจๅญ』ใฎ้ฌผ็ฅไฟกไปฐใ、ๅๆใฎๅซ็ๆๆณ・้ฐ้ฝไบ่กๆๆณ・่ฎ็ทฏๆๆณ・้ป่้(้ปๅธ・่ๅญใ็ฅไปใจใฟใชใๅดๆใใๆๆณ)ใชใฉใ้ๆใๆงๆใใ่ฆ็ด ใจใใฆๆใใใ、้ๅฑใฎ็ฒพ้ฌๆ่กใๅปๅญฆ็่ซใจใฎ้ขไฟใๆทฑใ。
้ๆใฏ、ใใฎ้ทใๆญดๅฒใฎไธญใง、ๆช้ญ็ฅใใๆฒป็
ๆฏ็ฝ・ๅ ใ・ๅงๅๅคๆญ・้ขจๆฐดใชใฉใจ็ตใณใคใใฆ็คพไผใฎไธๅฑคใซๆตธ้ใ、่พฒๆฐ่่ตทใๅผใ่ตทใใใใจใใใฃใ。ไธๆนใง、็คพไผใฎไธๅฑคใซใๆตธ้ใ、้ๅฃซใ็ๅธๅไบบใฎไธ่้ท็ใฎๆฌฒๆฑใซๅฅไปใใใ、็ๅธใ้ๆใฎๅใๅใใฆๆฏ้
ใๅผทใใใใจใใใฃใ。ใพใ、้ ้็ๆดปใ้ใฃใ็ฅ่ญไบบใฎ็ฒพ็ฅใฎๆ ใใฉใใใจใชใๅ ดๅใๅคใ。ใใใใ้ธๆใใใ้ๆใจใใฎๆๅใฏ็พไปฃใซใพใงๅผใ็ถใใ、ใใพใใพใชๆฐ้้ขจไฟใๅฝขๆใใฆใใ。
Taoism or Daoism is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao ้. With a range of meaning in Chinese philosophy, translations of Tao include 'way', 'road', 'path', or 'technique', generally understood in the Taoist sense as an enigmatic process of transformation ultimately underlying reality. Taoist thought has informed the development of various practices within the Taoist tradition and beyond, including forms of meditation, astrology, qigong, feng shui, and internal alchemy. A common goal of Taoist practice is self-cultivation, a deeper appreciation of the Tao, and more harmonious existence. Taoist ethics vary, but generally emphasize such virtues as effortless action, naturalness, simplicity, and the three treasures of compassion, frugality, and humility.